Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (1879–1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist whose work reshaped modern physics. In 1905 — his annus mirabilis — he published papers on Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, special relativity, and mass–energy equivalence (E=mc²). He completed general relativity in 1915, predicting the bending of light by gravity, confirmed during the 1919 solar eclipse. Awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for the photoelectric effect, he later emigrated to the United States, joining the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he continued research and advocated for civil rights, pacifism, and nuclear non-proliferation.

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. Before achieving fame as a theoretical physicist, he worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, where he developed his groundbreaking theories of relativity in his spare time.

His brain was preserved after death for scientific study. The element einsteinium (Es) is named after him. He declined the presidency of Israel in 1952.

Married Mileva Marić in 1903 (two sons, Hans Albert and Eduard; daughter Lieserl). Divorced in 1919 and married his cousin Elsa Löwenthal the same year.